Organizational Culture
Culture is a shared phenomenon which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and other capabilities and habits ac-quired by man in a society.
Organizational culture is the philosophies, ideologies, values, assumptions, beliefs, expectations, attitudes and norms that knit the organization together and are shared by its employees. Every organization has some characteristics which are common with any other organization. At the same time, each organization has its unique set of characteristics and properties. This psychological struc-ture of organization and their sub-units is usu-ally referred to as 'Organi-zational Culture'.
For a layman, culture is a commonly ex-perienced phenomenon and many words like, climate, atmosphere, environment are often used inter-changeably to describe it. In fact, most of the studies, which have tried to measure an organization's 'culture' have operationalized it in terms of "organizational climate".
Organizational culture represents a complex pattern of beliefs, expectations, values, attitudes and behaviours shared by the members of an organization. Thus, organizational culture includes:
(i) Routine behaviours when people interact in an organization and the language commonly used.
(ii) The norms shared by teams throughout the organization.
(iii) The philosophy that guides an organization's policies towards its employees and customers.
(iv) The way in which managers and employ-ees interact with customers and other outsiders.
Definitions
1. "Organizational culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes a member of one group from another."
Geert Hofstede
2. "Organizational culture may be defined as a pattern of basic assumptions invented, discovered or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration that has worked well enough to be considered valuable and therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think and feel in relation to those problems."
- Edgar Schein
3. "Organizational culture is a set of shared assumptions that guide behaviours."
- Ravasi and Schultz
Characteristics/Features/Dimensions of Organizational Culture
3
Organizations, like most finger prints are unique. Each has its own history, patterns of communication, systems and procedures, missions and visions.
a
These are very general characteristics that every organization would have to look into, otherwise the culture would seem incomplete. Although all these characteristics are at some level a part of every company, the importance and individual interpretation of each differs from business to business, thus making each business unique in its own way. There are 10 primary characteristics of organizational culture.
They are as follows:
#Organizational climate
#Innovation & risk taking
#Attention to detail or detail oriented
#Philosophy
#Norms
#Organization Culture Profile
#Outcomes orientation
#People oriented
#Stability
#Team oriented
#Aggressiveness
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