BBA I ST YEAR

Buisness Statistics 

Minor I 

Trapti Bala Jakhetiya 

Unit 2 

Topic- methods of collection of data 

Disadvantages of Questionary 

Design problems

Questions have to he relatively simple.

Historically low response rate (although inducements may help).

Time delay while waiting for responses to be returned.

Require a return deadline

Several reminders may be required.

Assumes no literacy problems.

No control over who completes it.

Not possible to give assistance if required.

Problems with incomplete questionnaires.

Replies not spontaneous and independent of each other.

Respondent can read all questions beforehand and then decide whether to complete or not. For example, perhaps because it is too long, too complex, uninteresting, or too personal.

2.1 2. Direct Personal Investigation Method: According to this method, the investigator obtains the data by a personal interview or observation i.e. he contacts the source of information directly and personally. He will contact each and every possible source of information) It is done only in the following situations:

When the scope of enquiry or area of investigation is limited or mor small.

When a very high degree of accuracy is required.

When the result of investigation are to be kept secret.

When area of investigation is heterogeneous.

Thus in personal investigation, primary data are used.

Merits

The information collected through it will be more accurate.

It is possible to get supplementary information which may prove to be more helpful in interpreting the results.

The response will be more.

There is uniformity in the collection of data.

The communication gap can be filled by choosing the right words for the questions which are to be asked by the investigator from the respondents.

Demerits

It is very costly method.

It is very time consuming.

The chances of personal bias are greater.

It requires extra personal qualities of the interviewer i.e., tactfulness, courage, courtesy etc.

It can give wrong results.

It can be used only when area of investigation is small.

3. Experimentation: Experimentation is a research 'process' used to study the causal relationships between variables. It aims at studying the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable, by keeping the other independent variables constant through some type of control. For example, a -social scientist may use experimentation for studying the effect of a method of family planning publicity on people's awareness of fam

4. Interview: Interviewing is a technique that is primarily used again an understanding of the underlying reasons and motivations for people attitudes, preferences or behavior. Interviews can be undertaken on a person one-to-one basis or in a group. They can be conducted at work, at home the street or in a shopping centre, or some other agreed location.

(a) Personal interview

Advantages:

Serious approach by respondent resulting in accurate informatio

Good response rate.

Completed and immediate.

Possible in-depth questions.

Interviewer in control and can give help if there is a problem.

Can investigate motives and feelings.

Can use recording equipment.

Characteristics of respondent assessed tone of voice, face expression, hesitation, etc.

Can use props.

If one interviewer used, uniformity of approach.

Used to pilot other methods.

Disadvantages:

Need to set up interviews.

Time consuming.

Geographic limitations.

Can be expensive.

Normally need a set of questions.

Respondent bias tendency to please or impress, create fals personal image, or end interview quickly.

Embarrassment possible if personal questions.

Transcription and analysis can present problems - subjectivity.

If many interviewers, training required.